Trade marks: ECJ rules on Adidas three stripes trade mark

protection of trade marks against unfair competition

the law of prohibition of unfair competition prohibits any deed or action which is against the normal competition in the market. before emergence of special laws for protection of intellectual property rights, including trademarks, such right could be protected either by tort law claims or law of unfair competition. however, the law of prohibition of unfair competition covers a wider area than ...

CATMInE Computer Assisted Trade-Mark Infringement Evaluation

In forensic Machine Learning, information systems are not easy to use due to many constraints. Knowledge generally comes from laws and their use is represented by decisions. The whole data requires several parses in order to obtain a structured database on which decision tools can be applied. This study presents the use of machine learning tools to assist the lawyer in nominative trade-mark inf...

European Community Trade Mark and Brand Equity

The Community trade mark has effectively been available since April 1, 1996, although recourse to this tool does not imply abandonment of protection at a national level something still of interest to SMEs. Market globalisation has led to increasingly more frequent horizontal and vertical integration being carried out between companies, with the effect being that of ‘anchoring’ the trade mark mo...

The effect of international trade on mark - ups distribution

This paper presents empirical evidence about the relationship between market openness and markup distribution of manufacturing firms. The empirical analysis uses a panel data set of Spanish firms in the period 1990-2005, with a structural approach that lets us to identify individual mark-ups. The results point out that tougher competition associated to openness reduces the average of marginal c...

Trade Marks Act 1994 in the Matter of Application No 2031496 by Checkpoint Security Services Limited to Register a Trade Mark in Class